LABARAN FASSARAR OLINK ---- MENENE WIRING HARNESS?
Wuraren wayoyi manyan taro ne tare da yanke wayoyi da yawa da aka yanke ko an ɗaure su tare.Waɗannan majalisu suna sauƙaƙe shigarwa yayin samar da abin hawa.Hakanan an ƙera su don yin amfani da ƙarancin sarari a cikin motar, don ba da ƙarin kariya ga waya, da kuma samar da amintattun wuraren haɗin kai, ta yadda za su taimaka wajen fuskantar ƙalubalen girgiza, gogayya, da sauran haɗari.
HARNUS NAWA A CIKIN MOTA?
Motoci da manyan motoci suna da na'urori daban-daban don tsarin jirgi da yawa, gami da: baturi da samar da wutar lantarki, saitin kunna wuta, ginshiƙin tuƙi, sarrafa jirgin ruwa, birki na kulle-kulle, gungu (dashboard) gungu, hasken ciki, amincin ciki da tsaro, gaba-- fitilun ƙarewa, fitilun baya, kofofi (makullai da sarrafa taga), wayoyi masu ɗaukar hoto, da kuma kwanan nan, tsarin kyamarar baya, haɗin wayar hannu da bluetooth, da GPS ko tsarin kewayawa tauraron dan adam.Ƙididdiga ɗaya, wanda aka danganta ga kamfanin gwajin wayoyi Cirris Systems a cikin Mujallar Majalisar, shine matsakaicin adadin kayan aikin kowane abin hawa 20.
YAWAN WATA DA KARSHE
Mota karami ko “C-class” tana da kilomita 1.2 na waya a cikinta, kuma fiye da kashi 90% na wannan yana da diamita 0.5 mm, ko kuma mafi girma, bisa ga gabatarwa a taron Wire da Cable na CRU na 2012 na Francois Schoeffler na Acome.Karamin aji yana da mafi girman adadin kowane sashi.A cikin 2013, masu kera motoci sun samar da ƙananan motoci miliyan 26 - kashi 30% na motocin da ake kera motoci na shekara.Wannan yana nufin sama da kilomita miliyan 30 na waya mai rufe fuska an yi amfani da ƙananan motoci kawai a bara.
Kamfanin kera motoci na Jamus BMW ya ce na'urorin wutar lantarki a cikin manyan samfuransa na iya samun na'urorin kebul da na USB na tsawon kilomita 3 wanda nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 60.A cikin gabatarwar 2013 don Nunin Fasahar Fasahar Waya Lantarki, Dokta Don Price, wani jami'in Ford Motor Co. da Majalisar Dokokin Amurka don Binciken Motoci, ya lura cewa akwai 1,000 "yanke jagororin" (ƙarshen waya) kowane abin hawa a cikin wayoyi. kayan aiki.
KYAUTA HARNESS
Bugu da ƙari ga yawan adadin ƙarewa, masu zanen kayan aiki dole ne su magance nau'o'in buƙatun don girman waya, amincin muhalli, da sauƙi na shigarwa, duk yayin da rage girman girman kayan aiki, nauyi, da farashi.Gabaɗaya, an ƙera kayan aikin don takamaiman samfura ko dandamali.Tabbas, ana iya ba da oda mafi yawan ƙirar mota tare da abubuwan zaɓi, ko haɗaɗɗen fasalin fasalin.Wannan yana ƙara wani matakin rikitarwa ga masana'antar hada-hadar - safa, sarrafawa, da shigar da saitin kayan aiki daban-daban.Don haka, an kuma ƙirƙira kayan ɗamara don haɓaka sauƙin sarrafawa yayin aiwatar da taro.
Wani lokaci ayyuka da yawa ana haɗa su tare, tare da masu yin kayan doki waɗanda ke ba da kayan aikin babban jiki, ko wasu hadaddun majalisu masu yawa waɗanda aka naɗe ko nannade tare.Misalai sun haɗa da kayan aikin kofa ko kayan aikin gaba da wasu kamfanoni ke amfani da su.
BAYANIN DOMIN AMINCI MAI KYAU
Wasu daga cikin wayoyi a cikin abubuwan hawa suna goyan bayan mahimman fasalulluka na aminci.Misali, wayoyi don tuƙi, birki, da sarrafa injin dole ne su dace da ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun aminci, gami da ƙayyadaddun kewayon zafin jiki, girgiza, da lalata.Waɗannan buƙatun suna shafar masu gudanarwa, ƙarewa, da kayan jaket.Motoci kuma na iya samun masu haɗin kai 30 da yawa a cikin tsarin da ke sarrafa jakunkunan iska, wurin zama, da sauran matakan tsaro.
YAYA AKE YIN HARNESSS?
Samar da kayan doki ya haɗa da abubuwa da matakai masu zuwa:
- yankan insulated waya zuwa takamaiman tsawo
- tube da rufi a iyakar
- hawa ƙarewa, matosai, ko masu kai
- Sanya tsayin kebul ɗin da aka ƙare akan allo ko firam
- haɗe ƙulle, shirye-shiryen bidiyo, ko tef don ɗaure tsayin kebul tare a wuraren da suka dace
- amfani da bututu, hannayen riga, ko tef don kariya, ƙarfi, da tsauri
- gwaji da takaddun shaida
A cikin wannan jeri, tsari na uku, hawan ƙarewa, yana da matakai da yawa da bambance-bambance dangane da nau'in madubi da nau'in haɗin.Sarrafa ƙarewa na iya haɗawa da jiyya daban-daban don masu gudanarwa, crimping, bonding, da hatimi, da haɗa takalma daban-daban, shirye-shiryen bidiyo, receptacles, ko gidaje.
HANNU GUDANAR DA HANNU BA AKE GUJI BA
Na'urori yadda ya kamata na iya cim ma wasu ayyukan kayan aiki da aka jera a sama, kamar yankan, tsigewa, da kutsawa.In ba haka ba, akwai babban aiki da ke da hannu wajen sanya igiyoyi da haɗa kayan aiki.BMW ta ba da wannan abin lura a cikin bayanin makaman da ke cikin motocinta: “Saboda ƙaƙƙarfan sarƙaƙƙiya, na’urorin wayar da ake kera su ne kawai a cikin tsari mai sarrafa kansa a cikin ƙananan gudu.Kusan kashi 95% na masana'anta ana yin su da hannu akan abin da ake kira allunan ƙira. "
CINININ KASA A CIKIN WIRING HARNESSES
Saboda ƙwadaƙwalwa wani muhimmin bangare ne na farashin kayan aikin su, masu kera kayan masarufi suna gina sabbin masana'antu a cikin ƙasashe masu ƙarancin ƙwaƙƙwa.Masu yin amfani da kayan aiki suna gina sabbin masana'antu a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirye-shiryen faɗaɗawa ko a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirye-shirye don canza samarwa zuwa kasuwanni masu rahusa.A wasu lokuta, buƙatar sababbin masana'antu ana danganta su da sababbin nau'ikan mota ko sababbin masana'antar hada motoci.
MEXICO KE JAGORANCI A CIKIN HARNESS EXPORTS
Bisa kididdigar cinikayyar kasa da kasa, kasashe 11 sun fitar da fiye da dalar Amurka biliyan 1 na na'urorin wayar da kan ababen hawa a shekarar 2013. Kayayyakin da Mexico ke fitarwa ne mafi girma, kan dalar Amurka biliyan 6.5.Kasar Sin ce ta biyu, da dalar Amurka biliyan 3.2, sai Romania, da Vietnam, da Amurka, da Morocco, da Philippines, da Jamus, da Poland, da Nicaragua, da Tunisia.Wadannan manyan masu fitar da kayayyaki suna nuna rawar da Gabashin Turai, Arewacin Afirka, da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya ke takawa wajen samar da kayan aiki na duniya.Ko da yake Jamus ba kasuwa ce mai rahusa ba, amma da yawa daga cikin manyan kamfanonin sarrafa kayan aiki suna da hedkwata, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da gwaje-gwaje, da cibiyoyin kayan aiki a Jamus.(Slide 7)
MATSAYIN KASUWA DA WUTA
A shekara ta 2003 an fitar da kayayyakin amfanin gona na duniya jimlar dalar Amurka biliyan 14.5, inda aka fitar da dalar Amurka biliyan 5.4 daga kasashe masu ci gaban kasuwa da kuma dalar Amurka biliyan 9.1 daga kasuwanni masu tasowa.Ya zuwa shekarar 2013, fitar da kayan masarufi a duniya ya karu da CAGR na 9% zuwa dalar Amurka biliyan 34.3.Kasuwanni masu tasowa sune ke da mafi yawan wannan ci gaban, tare da fitar da kayayyakinsu ya karu da CAGR na 11% zuwa dalar Amurka biliyan 26.7.Fitar da kayayyaki daga manyan kasuwannin sun karu tare da CAGR na 4% zuwa dalar Amurka biliyan 7.6.
CIGABAN HARNESS FITARWA
Baya ga kasashe 11 da ke fitar da kayayyakin ababen hawa a shekarar 2013 sama da dalar Amurka biliyan 1, akwai kasashe 26 da ake fitar da kayan masarufi tsakanin dalar Amurka miliyan 100 zuwa dalar Amurka biliyan 1, da kuma wasu kasashe 20 da ke fitar da kayayyaki tsakanin dalar Amurka miliyan 10 zuwa dalar Amurka miliyan 100.Don haka kasashe 57 ne suka kai dalar Amurka biliyan 34 da aka fitar a shekarar 2013.
KASUWA DA SABON KASUNA
Wasu daga cikin kasashen da ke fitar da kayan masarufi tsakanin dalar Amurka miliyan 10 zuwa dalar Amurka miliyan 100 sabbin shiga masana'antu ne - an fara samar da kayan aikin a cikin shekaru biyu ko uku da suka gabata kuma yana karuwa sosai.Kambodiya, alal misali, ba ta da fitar da kaya zuwa waje har zuwa 2012, lokacin da Yazaki da Sumitomo Wiring Systems suka kafa masana'antar kayan aiki a wurin.An bude masana'antar Yazaki a karshen shekarar.Abubuwan da Cambodia ta fitar sun kai dalar Amurka miliyan 17 a shekarar 2012 da dalar Amurka miliyan 74 a shekarar 2013, wanda ke karuwa da kashi 334 cikin dari a duk shekara.Har ila yau, Ford Motors ya buɗe sabon tashar taro a Cambodia a lokacin 2013.
Wani sabon shiga shine Paraguay.Fujikura ya bude wata masana'antar wayar tarho a wurin a watan Oktoba 2011 kuma ya fadada ayyuka tare da masana'anta na biyu a watan Satumba na 2013. Paraguay kuma yana da sabon injin hada motoci - kamfanin hadin gwiwar Dongfeng da Nissan wanda ya fara aiki a cikin 2011. Sauran kasuwannin da ke nuna karuwa mai yawa a cikin Abubuwan da ake fitarwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun hada da Costa Rica, El Salvador, Masar, Macedonia, Moldova, da Serbia.
FITOWA TA KIMANIN 75% NA JAMA'AR KASUWA
Bayanan ciniki na da amfani don nuna rawar da kasuwanni masu rahusa ke takawa a masana'antar wayar tarho ta duniya, amma da yawa masu kera motoci suna amfani da kayan aikin da aka yi a ƙasa ɗaya.Misali, alkaluman cinikayyar sun nuna yadda ake fitar da kayayyaki masu karfi daga kasashen Sin, Indiya, Indonesiya, Mexico, Morocco, da sauran kasashen da su ma ke da masana'antar hada motoci da manyan motoci.CRU ta kiyasta cewa jimillar amfani da kayan aikin waya a shekarar 2013 ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 43, gami da na cikin gida da na waje.
HARNESS DARAJAR KOWANNE MOTAR
Ana samun bayanai akan kasuwancin ƙasa da ƙasa dangane da ƙimar (US$) da nauyi (kg).Kasashe irin su Argentina, Kanada, Italiya, Sweden, da Burtaniya suna da masana'antar hada motoci ko manyan motoci amma babu masana'antar kayan aiki.A cikin irin waɗannan ƙasashe, ana iya raba bayanan shigo da kayan masarufi da adadin motocin da aka samar don samun matsakaicin ƙima da nauyin kayan aikin wayar kowane abin hawa.Sakamakon ya nuna kewayo a tsakanin ƙasashe daban-daban, yana nuna haɗuwar nau'ikan girman abin hawa daban-daban da azuzuwan farashi (fasali) da aka yi a kowace ƙasa.
A cikin 2013, alal misali, ƙimar kayan aiki da abin hawa ya tashi daga dalar Amurka 300 na Argentina zuwa fiye da dalar Amurka 700 ga wasu kasuwanni a W. Turai.Bambancin ya samo asali ne ga cuɗanyar nau'ikan motoci da aka kera, tare da ƙasashe kamar Jamus, Sweden, da Burtaniya suna da kaso mafi girma na manyan motoci masu daraja da daraja.Matsakaicin ƙimar kayan aiki a kowace abin hawa a Italiya ya kasance dalar Amurka 407, kuma haɗin Italiya na ƙanana, matsakaita, da manyan motocin yayi kama da haɗaɗɗun ga duka duniya.
KUDIN HARNAR MASU KENAN MOTA NA K'ARA
Idan aka yi la’akari da cakuɗewar nau’ikan abin hawa da kuma bambancin da ake shigo da su daga ƙasashen waje daban-daban, CRU ta ƙiyasta matsakaicin ƙimar kayan aiki a duk duniya akan dalar Amurka 500 a shekarar 2013. Wannan ƙimar ta ƙaru da CAGR na 10% daga $200 a 2003. Kamar yadda An lura a baya, haɓakar farashin tagulla ya ba da gudummawa kaɗan ga hauhawar farashin kayan aiki, amma babban abin da ya faru shi ne ƙara yawan ƙarewar kowace mota.
HARNESS DATA IN TONNES
Yin amfani da bayanan ciniki kan shigo da kayan aiki cikin ton, CRU ta kiyasta matsakaicin kilogiram na wayoyi a kowace mota don motoci da manyan motocin da aka samar a duniya a cikin 2013 zuwa kilogiram 23.Adadin da ƙasa ya kai daga ƙasa da kilogiram 10 a kowace abin hawa a wasu kasuwanni masu tasowa waɗanda ke da babban kaso na asali ko ƙananan ƙira, zuwa fiye da kilogiram 25 a kowace abin hawa a wasu kasuwannin ci-gaba tare da manyan motoci masu daraja.
MATSALAR HARNESS NAUYIN KOWANE MOTA
Matsakaicin nauyin kilogiram 13 a kowace abin hawa a Argentina, kilogiram 18 a Italiya, kilogiram 20 a Japan, kuma fiye da kilo 25 a Burtaniya.Bugu da ƙari, duk da kewayon tsakanin azuzuwan abin hawa da ƙasashe, akwai bayyananniyar yanayin zuwa mafi girma kg kowace abin hawa a duk ƙasashe daga 2003 zuwa 2013. Matsakaicin duniya shine 13.5 kg kowace abin hawa a 2003, 16.6 a 2008, da 23.4 a cikin 2013. Nauyin kayan doki a kowane abin hawa ya haɗa da nauyin wayoyi da aka keɓe, ƙarewa, manne, shirye-shiryen bidiyo, igiyoyin igiya, bututun kariya, hannayen riga, da tef.Girman masu gudanarwa na iya zuwa daga 0.5 mm2 zuwa fiye da 2.0 mm2, dangane da aikace-aikacen.
WANE YAKE YIN HARNESS?
Mafi yawan na'urorin wayar salula masu zaman kansu ne ke yin su ta hanyar kera sassan mota masu zaman kansu da kamfanoni da suka ƙware a kayan aikin wayoyi.A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, wasu daga cikin manyan kamfanonin kera motoci sun mallaki rassan ƙera kayan aiki, amma an karkatar da waɗannan, a mafi yawan lokuta ga ƙwararrun ƙwararru.A mafi yawan lokuta, kamfanonin kayan aiki suna sayar wa masu kera motoci da yawa.Babban matakin masana'antun kayan doki ya haɗa da kamfanoni masu zuwa (a cikin jerin haruffa): Acome, Delphi, Draexlmaier, Fujikura, Furukawa Automotive Systems, Kromberg da Schubert, Lear, Leoni, Sumitomo Wiring Systems, da Yazaki.
Waɗannan kamfanoni duk suna da masana'antar kayan aiki a wurare da yawa.Yazaki, alal misali, yana da ma'aikata 236,000 a shafuka 237 a cikin ƙasashe 43 tun daga watan Yunin 2014. Waɗannan manyan kamfanoni kuma suna da haɗin gwiwa da haɗin gwiwa a ƙasashe da yawa.Wani lokaci JVs ko alaƙa suna da sunayen kamfanoni daban-daban.Mataki na biyu na masu kera kayan aikin mota sun haɗa da Idaco, Lorom, Lumen, MSSL (haɗin gwiwar Samvardhana Motherson Group da Sumitomo Wiring Systems), Yura da sauran su.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-23-2020